Hi Sean:
I don't have a clue as to who was first to use the Series designations with the DATSUN 240-Z's, but I can say they didn't invent anything new.
I can tell you that when the "Late Model Year 1971 240-Z's came into the States after Jan. 1971... everyone I knew in the Z Car Community, referred to the now different 1971 Model Year cars as "Series I" and/or "Series II" models. {because Nissan sold both Models as 1971 Model Year Automobiles}. {there is an even longer story about that situation... best left to a thread on automotive history}
The use of Series designations for specific models of cars, as well as their component parts, was in common use in the Classic, Collectible and Special Interest Automobile hobby, at least at the time I first noticed "Sports Cars".. (early 50's) and well before that.
If you pick up almost any book related to the history of the Automobile or devoted to Classic, Collectible and Special Interest Cars and leaf though it; you'll most likely see many references to specific "Series" of many cars/designs.
Many times the Manufacturers themselves used a Series Number to describe the car. The DATSUN 240-Z is a Series designation base on engine volume, just as the DATSUN 260Z and DATSUN 280Z are. Many times the Customer's themselves assign a Series Number to help specifically identify certain configurations that are of special interest to them within any one Manufacturers Series.
For example:
From: "COMPLETE BOOK OF COLLECTIBLE CARS"
By: Langworth, Robson and the Editors of CONSUMER GUIDE
Published 1982, ISBN 0-517-34694X
You can hardly get through the first few pages when you see references in the History of the AMC Metropolitan such as ..."powered by Series 56 1500cc Austin four.." A few pages more and you see "Buick Series 60 Century {40-41} and the "Series 70 Roadmaster Convertible Coupe {1942}. Cadillac Series 90 ... ect.
"Series" designations or designators have been applied to help identify "Models", "Engines" and Special bodies. If all that held basically the same, then Series designations were applied to points of major improvements or changes.
Have you seen a Citroen DS 19 /20 /21 /23 lately? Produced from 1955 though 1975? Would you know the difference between them if you did see one? ;-) You can bet that the Citroen enthusiasts would know...
The 1954 Alfa Romeo for example used a few "terms" then somewhat new. They used the term "SS" for their short wheel base, lightweight models, the Bertone-styled "SS" and "SZ" by Zagato. "SS" standing for Special Series and "SZ" standing for Special Zagato. {Many years later Chevy used "SS" to stand for Sport Series, which promptly got converted to "Super Sports" by the marketing people}.
The Lotus Elan progressed through five different Series between 1962 and 1973, designated S1 in 62 through S4 in 71, with the fifth Series designated "Elan Sprint".
The bottom line is that the use of Series designations is as you mention, a sort of "short-hand" both within the Automotive Industry and among auto enthusiasts the world over. It's a way of conveying much specific information in very few words, as well as a way of describing accurately, which specific model/type/configuration automobile you are referring to.
Automotive Series designations are also a sort of "Professional Jargon"... the Marque Enthusiasts that are "in the know" use them between/among one another no matter the Marque nor where it is located.
FWIW,
Carl
Carl Beck
Clearwater, FL USA
http://ZHome.com